1. health line anticholinergics. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/anticholinergics
2. Niewoehner DE, Rice K, Cote C, Paulson D, Cooper Jr JAD, Korducki L, et al. Prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium, a once-daily inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143(5):317–26.
3. Wayne HH. A tranquilizer-anticholinergic preparation in functional gastrointestinal disorders: a double-blind evaluation. Calif Med. 1969;111(2):79.
4. oral route anticholinergics. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/anticholinergics-and-antispasmodics-oral-route-parenteral-route-rectal-route-transdermal-route/precautions/drg-20070312
5. what are anticholinergics? Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/anticholinergics-uses-types-and-side-effects-5085186#what-are-anticholinergics
6. anticholinergics what you know? Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323514#summary

[1]        R. Buffo, “Yerba Mate,” pp. 185–194, 2016, doi: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0591-4.ch009.

[2]        “What is Yerba Mate Tea,” tea-and-coffee.com, pp. 1–12, [Online]. Available: https://www.tea-and-coffee.com/blog/what-is-yerba-mate.

[3]        T. La Forge, “8 Penis-Friendly Foods to Boost T-Levels , Sperm Count , and More,” healthline.com, pp. 1–5, [Online]. Available: https://www.healthline.com/health/mens-health/foods-for-penis#2.-A-daily-cup-of-coffee-for-better-sex.

[4]        “Drinking Lots Of Coffee Makes Your Penis STRONG, Says ‘Hard’ ScienceNo Title,” yourtango.com, [Online]. Available: https://www.yourtango.com/2016293325/drinking-more-coffee-makes-your-penis-strong-says-study?utm_source=huffingtonpost.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=pubexchange_facebook.

[5]        “Step-by-step: how to prepare mate,” https://turismo.buenosaires.gob.ar/, [Online]. Available: https://turismo.buenosaires.gob.ar/en/article/step-step-how-prepare-mate.

[6]        A. Petre, “8 Health Benefits of Yerba Mate (Backed by Science),” healthline.com, 2016, [Online]. Available: https://authoritynutrition.com/8-benefits-of-yerba-mate/.

[7]        C. Wong, “Yerba Mate Tea Benefits and Side Effects,” verywellfit.com, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://www.verywellfit.com/is-yerba-mate-a-wonder-tea-89598.

1-Agarwal, A., Sengupta, P., & Durairajanayagam, D. (2018). Role of L-carnitine in female infertility. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 16(1), 5.

2-Ismail AM, Hamed AH, Saso S, Thabet HH. Adding L-carnitine to clomiphene resistant PCOS women improves the quality of ovulation and the pregnancy rate. A randomized clinical trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014 Sep;180:148-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.06.008. Epub 2014 Jun 23. PMID: 25015747

3-Genazzani AD, Lanzoni C, Ricchieri F, Santagni S, Rattighieri E, Chierchia E, Monteleone P, Jasonni VM. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) administration positively affects the reproductive axis in hypogonadotropic women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Endocrinol Invest. 2011 Apr;34(4):287-91. doi: 10.1007/BF03347087. Epub 2010 Apr 22. PMID: 20414046.

4-Shang XJ, Wang LL, Mo DS, Cai HC, Zheng DD, Zhou YZ. [Effect and safety of L-carnitine in the treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia: a systemic review]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2015 Jan;21(1):65-73. Chinese. PMID: 25707144.

5-Ahmed SD, Karira KA, Jagdesh, Ahsan S. Role of L-carnitine in male infertility. J Pak Med Assoc. 2011 Aug;61(8):732-6. PMID: 22355991

.

6- L-Carnitine available at:https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1026/l-carnitine

EC Huskisson. Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis. The Journal of international medical research 36(6):1161-79. DOI: 10.1177/147323000803600602

Houpt JB, McMillan R, Wein C, et al: Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 1999; 26: 2423 – 2430

Herrero-Beaumont G, Ivorra JA, Del Carmen Trabado M, et al: Glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using acetaminophen as a side comparator. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56: 555 – 567.

1- 9 Benefits of Maca Root. Available at https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/benefits-of-maca-root#TOC_TITLE_HDR_1

2-What are the benefits of maca root? Available at https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322511

3-Shin, B.-C., Lee, M. S., Yang, E. J., Lim, H.-S., & Ernst, E. (2010). Maca (L. meyenii) for improving sexual function: a systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 10(1), 1–6.

4-Zenico, T., Cicero, A. F. G., Valmorri, L., Mercuriali, M., & Bercovich, E. (2009). Subjective effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) extract on well-being and sexual performances in patients with mild erectile dysfunction: a randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Andrologia, 41(2), 95–99.

[1]    S. P. Washi, V. D. Sharma, V. K. Jain, and P. Sinha, “Plantago ovata: genetic diversity, cultivation, utilization and chemistry,” Indian J Nat Prod, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 6, 1985.

[2]    A. R. Madgulkar, M. R. P. Rao, and D. Warrier, “Characterization of psyllium (Plantago ovata) polysaccharide and its uses,” Polysaccharides, pp. 871–890, 2015.

[3]    M. E. Rodr\iguez-Cabezas et al., “Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of dietary fiber (Plantago ovata seeds) in HLA-B27 transgenic rats,” Clin. Nutr., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 463–471, 2003.

[4]    F. Fernandez-Banares et al., “Randomized clinical trial of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis,” Am. J. Gastroenterol., vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 427–433, 1999.

[5]    I. Nordgaard, H. Hove, M. R. Clausen, and P. B. Mortensen, “Colonic production of butyrate in patients with previous colonic cancer during long-term treatment with dietary fibre (Plantago ovata seeds),” Scand. J. Gastroenterol., vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1011–1020, 1996.

[6]    J. W. McRorie, B. P. Daggy, J. G. Morel, P. S. Diersing, P. B. Miner, and M. Robinson, “Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for treatment of chronic constipation,” Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., vol. 12, no. 5, p. 491, 1998.

[7]    R. M. Sarfraz et al., “Plantago ovata: A comprehensive review on cultivation, biochemical, pharmaceutical and pharmacological aspects,” Acta Pol Pharm, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 739–746, 2017.

[8]    R. Sola et al., “Effects of soluble fiber (Plantago ovata husk) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in men with ischemic heart disease,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 1157–1163, 2007.

[9]    W. H. Turnbull and H. G. Thomas, “The effect of a Plantago ovata seed containing preparation on appetite variables, nutrient and energy intake.,” Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. J. Int. Assoc. Study Obes., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 338–342, 1995.

[10]  A. L. Romero, K. L. West, T. Zern, and M. L. Fernandez, “The seeds from Plantago ovata lower plasma lipids by altering hepatic and bile acid metabolism in guinea pigs,” J. Nutr., vol. 132, no. 6, pp. 1194–1198, 2002.

[11]  D. Rigaud, F. Paycha, A. Meulemans, M. Merrouche, and M. Mignon, “Effect of psyllium on gastric emptying, hunger feeling and food intake in normal volunteers: a double blind study,” Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 239–245, 1998.

[12]  J. Salas-Salvadó et al., “Effect of two doses of a mixture of soluble fibres on body weight and metabolic variables in overweight or obese patients: a randomised trial,” Br. J. Nutr., vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 1380–1387, 2008.

[13]  A. Verma and R. Mogra, “Psyllium (Plantago ovata) husk: a wonder food for good health,” Int. J. Sci. Res., vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 1581–1585, 2013.

[14]  E. A. N. Franco, A. Sanches-Silva, R. Ribeiro-Santos, and N. R. de Melo, “Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk): From evidence of health benefits to its food application,” Trends Food Sci. \& Technol., vol. 96, pp. 166–175, 2020.

[15]  V. K. Sharma, A. Bhattacharya, and others, “Isabgol husk: a herbal remedy for human health,” J Pharm Res, vol. 2, pp. 296–301, 2009.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. [1]    P. Weber, “Vitamin K and bone health,” Nutrition, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 880–887, 2001.

                  [2]    M. Van Winckel, R. De Bruyne, S. Van De Velde, and S. Van Biervliet, “Vitamin K, an update for the paediatrician,” Eur. J. Pediatr., vol. 168, no. 2, p. 127, 2009.

                  [3]    C. Yilmaz, S. A. Yuca, N. Yilmaz, M. S. Bekta\cs, and H. Caksen, “Intracranial hemorrhage due to vitamin K deficiency in infants: a clinical study,” Int. J. Neurosci., vol. 119, no. 12, pp. 2250–2256, 2009.

                  [4]    M. S. Elalfy, I. A. Elagouza, F. A. Ibrahim, S. K. AbdElmessieh, and M. Gadallah, “Intracranial haemorrhage is linked to late onset vitamin K deficiency in infants aged 2–24 weeks,” Acta Paediatr., vol. 103, no. 6, pp. e273–e276, 2014.

                  [5]    N. Danielsson, D. P. Hoa, N. V Thang, T. Vos, and P. M. Loughnan, “Intracranial haemorrhage due to late onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding in Hanoi province, Vietnam,” Arch. Dis. Childhood-Fetal Neonatal Ed., vol. 89, no. 6, pp. F546–F550, 2004.

                  [6]    M. Karaci, E. Toroslu, T. Karsli, Y. Kanber, S. Uysal, and D. Albayrak, “Intracranial haemorrhage due to late-onset vitamin K deficiency,” HK J Paediatr, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 80–85, 2015.

                  [7]    S. D. Krasinski, R. M. Russell, B. C. Furie, S. F. Kruger, P. F. Jacques, and B. Furie, “The prevalence of vitamin K deficiency in chronic gastrointestinal disorders,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 639–643, 1985.

                  [8]    S. Nakajima et al., “Association of vitamin K deficiency with bone metabolism and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease,” Nutrition, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 1023–1028, 2011.

                  [9]    D. Misra et al., “Vitamin K deficiency is associated with incident knee osteoarthritis,” Am. J. Med., vol. 126, no. 3, pp. 243–248, 2013.

                   [11] A. H. Sutor, R. von Kries, M. E. A. Cornelissen, A. W. McNinch, and M. Andrew, “Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in infancy,” Thromb. Haemost., vol. 81, no. 03, pp. 456–461, 1999.

                  [12]  M. J. Shearer, “Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in early infancy,” Blood Rev., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 49–59, 2009.

                  [13]  D. Drury, V. L. Grey, G. Ferland, C. Gundberg, and L. C. Lands, “Efficacy of high dose phylloquinone in correcting vitamin K deficiency in cystic fibrosis,” J. Cyst. Fibros., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 457–459, 2008.

                  [14]  M. R. Marchili, E. Santoro, A. Marchesi, S. Bianchi, L. R. Aufiero, and A. Villani, “Vitamin K deficiency: a case report and review of current guidelines,” Ital. J. Pediatr., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 2018.

                  [15]  R. M. Puckett and M. Offringa, “Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates,” Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., no. 4, 2000.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Kong W, Wei J, Abidi P, Lin M, Inaba S, Li C, et al. Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins. Nat Med. 2004;10(12):1344–51.
                  2. Pérez-Rubio KG, González-Ortiz M, Mart\’\inez-Abundis E, Robles-Cervantes JA, Espinel-Bermúdez MC. Effect of berberine administration on metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2013;11(5):366–9.
                  3. Hu Y, Ehli EA, Kittelsrud J, Ronan PJ, Munger K, Downey T, et al. Lipid-lowering effect of berberine in human subjects and rats. Phytomedicine. 2012;19(10):861–7.
                  4. Ronald Steriti ND. Berberine for diabetes mellitus type 2. Nat Med J. 2010;2(10):1–5.
                  5. Gu Y, Zhang Y, Shi X, Li X, Hong J, Chen J, et al. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine berberine on type 2 diabetes based on comprehensive metabonomics. Talanta. 2010;81(3):766–72.
                  6. Kuo C-L, Chi C-W, Liu T-Y. The anti-inflammatory potential of berberine in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett. 2004;203(2):127–37.
                  7. Xu J, Long Y, Ni L, Yuan X, Yu N, Wu R, et al. Anticancer effect of berberine based on experimental animal models of various cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):1–20.
                  8. Zou K, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li B, Zhu W, et al. Advances in the study of berberine and its derivatives: a focus on anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in the digestive system. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017;38(2):157–67.
                  9.